Abu Hamid al-Ghazali

(1058–1111)

medievalSufismPersian

Biography

Persian theologian, philosopher, and Sufi mystic often called 'the proof of Islam.' At the height of his academic career, he experienced a crisis of meaning that left him unable to speak or teach. Abandoning his prestigious position, he embarked on a decade of spiritual wandering that produced The Revival of Religious Sciences — a synthesis of Islamic law, theology, and Sufi spirituality that reshaped Islamic thought.

Key contribution

Demonstrated through personal crisis and recovery that intellectual knowledge alone cannot provide meaning — direct spiritual experience (dhawq/taste) is essential.

Key works

  • The Revival of Religious Sciences
  • The Alchemy of Happiness
  • Deliverance from Error

Perspectives on purpose

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