Epicurus
(341 BCE–270 BCE)
ancientEpicureanismGreek
Biography
Greek philosopher who founded Epicureanism in Athens, teaching in his famous Garden. Contrary to popular misconception, he did not advocate indulgence but rather the pursuit of ataraxia (tranquility) through simple pleasures, friendship, philosophical inquiry, and freedom from fear — especially the fears of death and divine punishment. His 'Letter to Menoeceus' remains one of the clearest ancient guides to the good life.
Key contribution
Argued that purpose is ataraxia — tranquil pleasure through simple living, deep friendship, and liberation from the fear of death and the gods.
Key works
- Letter to Menoeceus
- Principal Doctrines
- Vatican Sayings